Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care : Rationale, Methods, Problems, and Directions.
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Washington :
National Academies Press,
1900
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| Subjects: | |
| Local Note: | ProQuest Ebook Central |
Table of Contents:
- ""Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""REFERENCES""; ""1 Rationale for Assessment of Diagnostic Technology""; ""THE PATIENT'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety""; ""Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues""; ""The Benefits of High-Quality Studies""; ""The Risks of Poor or Absent Assessment Data""; ""Summary: The Patient's Perspective""; ""SOCIETY'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety and Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues""; ""Summary: Society's Perspective""; ""THE PHYSICIAN'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety and Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues""
- ""Summary: The Physician's Perspective""""SUMMARY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""2 The Use of Diagnostic Tests: A Probabilistic Approach""; ""FIRST PRINCIPLES""; ""INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS: THE POSTTEST PROBABILITY""; ""Important Definitions""; ""The Assumptions of Bayes' Theorem""; ""THE PRETEST PROBABILITY OF DISEASE""; ""MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS""; ""Designing Studies of Test Performance""; ""EXPECTED-VALUE DECISIONMAKING""; ""Setting Up the Decision Tree""; ""Weighing the Outcomes for Quality of Life""
- ""Calculating the Expected Value of the Treatment Options""""THE CHOICE AMONG DOING NOTHING, TESTING, OR STARTING TREATMENT""; ""SUMMARY""; ""Glossary Of Terms""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 Assessment: Problems and Proposed Solutions""; ""MEASURES OF CLINICAL EFFICACY""; ""Technical Capability""; ""Sensitivity and Specificity""; ""Diagnostic Impact""; ""Therapeutic Impact""; ""Impact on Clinical Outcomes""; ""THE SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN THE UNITED STATES""; ""The Pyramid""; ""PROBLEMS WITH THE CURRENT SYSTEM""; ""RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS""
- ""Limitations of Randomized Trials""""Trial Design""; """"OFF THE GOLD STANDARD""""; """"ON THE GOLD STANDARD""""; ""A PROPOSAL FOR MODEL-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT""; ""A Technology Should Be Compared with a Competing Technology""; ""STUDIES SHOULD BE PLANNED BEFORE ENROLLING THE FIRST PATIENT""; ""ALL THE DATA THAT ARE NEEDED FOR CLINICAL DECISION MAKING SHOULD BE COLLECTED""; ""BIAS IN PATIENT SELECTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED""; ""PATIENTS SHOULD BE OBSERVED FOR ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE INDEX TEST""; ""INTERPRETATION OF DATA SHOULD BE FREE OF BIAS""
- ""INTEROBSERVER DISAGREEMENT SHOULD BE MEASURED""""THERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH PATIENTS TO REPORT THE RESULTS IN CLINICALLY USEFUL SUBGROUPS OF PATIENTS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""4 Primary Assessment of Diagnostic Tests: Barriers to Implementation""; ""PLANNING AND PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT""; ""Choosing a Clinical Condition""; ""Patient Population""; ""Endpoints and Study Design""; ""ACCURACY""; ""OUTCOME""; ""COMBINED STUDIES: ACCURACY AND OUTCOME""; ""SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES: A SYNTHETIC APPROACH""; ""Economic Analysis""; ""Efficacy Versus Effectiveness""; ""Comparative Assessment""
