Mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues and their metabolites

Mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues and their metabolites /

Provides an overview of the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of pesticide residues and their metabolites.-Presents state of the-art MS techniques for the identification of pesticides and their transformation products in food and environment -Covers important advances in MS techniques i...

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full text (MCPHS users only)
Other Authors: Tsipi, Despina, 1955- (Editor), Botitsi, Helen, 1967- (Editor), Economou, Anastassios (Editor)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015
Subjects:
Pesticides > Analysis.
Mass spectrometry.
Mass Spectrometry
mass spectrometry.
Local Note:ProQuest Ebook Central
Table of Contents:
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of Contributors
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1 Pesticide Chemistry and Risk Assessment
  • 1.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.2 PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
  • 1.2.1 Historical Perspective
  • 1.2.2 Identity and Physicochemical Properties of Pesticides
  • 1.2.3 Pesticide Classification
  • 1.2.4 Modes of Action (MoA)
  • 1.3 PESTICIDE METABOLITES AND TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS
  • 1.3.1 Biotransformation
  • 1.3.2 Environmental Fate
  • 1.4 RISK ASSESSMENT
  • 1.4.1 Safety Factors
  • 1.4.2 Ecological Risk Assessment for Pesticides
  • 1.5 DIETARY EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES
  • 1.5.1 Acute Exposure or Short-Term Intake
  • 1.5.2 Chronic Exposure or Long-Term Intake
  • 1.5.3 Cumulative Exposure to Multiple Substances
  • 1.6 PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD
  • 1.6.1 Maximum Residue Limits
  • 1.6.2 Residue Definition
  • 1.6.3 Reporting of Results
  • 1.6.4 Residue Analysis
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 2 Legislation, Monitoring, and Analytical Quality Control for Pesticide Residues
  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2 FOOD SAFETY
  • 2.2.1 CAC of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization
  • 2.2.2 EU Legislation
  • 2.2.3 US Food Regulations
  • 2.3 WATER QUALITY
  • 2.3.1 WHO
  • 2.3.2 EU Water Framework Directive
  • 2.3.3 US EPA Legislation
  • 2.4 METHOD VALIDATION AND QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES ANALYSIS
  • 2.4.1 CAC Guidelines
  • 2.4.2 EU Guidelines: SANCO Document
  • 2.4.3 FDA and EPA Guidelines
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 3 Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for MS Analysis
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP PROCEDURES
  • 3.2.1 LLE
  • 3.2.2 SPE
  • 3.2.3 MSPD
  • 3.2.4 QuEChERS
  • 3.3 MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUES
  • 3.3.1 Sorbent-Based Microextraction Techniques
  • 3.3.2 Liquid-Based Microextraction Techniques
  • 3.4 ALTERNATIVE EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP PROCEDURES.
  • 3.4.1 Alternative Energy Sources to Enhance the Extraction
  • 3.4.2 Coupled-Column Liquid Chromatography (LC/PC, LC/LC Techniques)
  • 3.4.3 Direct Analysis in Real Time
  • 3.5 CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 4 Recent Developments in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • 4.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 4.2 ADVANCES IN GC SEPARATIONS
  • 4.2.1 Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
  • 4.2.2 Fast GC
  • 4.2.3 LPGC
  • 4.3 MASS SPECTROMETRIC IONIZATION TECHNIQUES
  • 4.3.1 Electron Impact Ionization (EI)
  • 4.3.2 CI (Positive/Negative Modes)
  • 4.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure GC-MS
  • 4.4 MASS ANALYZERS INTERFACED TO GC
  • 4.4.1 Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
  • 4.4.2 Ion Trap Mass Analyzer
  • 4.4.3 QqQ
  • 4.4.4 TOF
  • 4.5 MASS SPECTRAL LIBRARIES AND SOFTWARE APPROACHES IN GC-MS ANALYSIS
  • 4.6. MATRIX EFFECTS IN GC-MS ANALYSIS
  • 4.7 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 5 Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Advances in Liquid Chromatographic Separations and Ionization Techniques/Interfaces
  • 5.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 5.2 ADVANCES IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS
  • 5.2.1 Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography
  • 5.2.2 Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
  • 5.3 IONIZATION TECHNIQUES/INTERFACES
  • 5.3.1 Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques
  • 5.3.2 Direct Electron Ionization
  • 5.4 AMBIENT IONIZATION TECHNIQUES
  • 5.4.1 DESI, Paper Spray, and Low-Temperature Plasma Ambient Ionization
  • 5.4.2 Direct Analysis in Real Time
  • 5.4.3 Atmospheric Pressure Glow-Discharge Ionization
  • 5.5 SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 6 Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Mass Detectors
  • 6.1 INTRODUCTION: MASS SPECTROMETERS
  • 6.1.1 Triple Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
  • 6.1.2 Quadrupole Ion Trap and Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap
  • 6.1.3 TOF Mass Analyzer.
  • 6.1.4 Hybrid TOF
  • 6.1.5 Orbitrap Mass Analyzer
  • 6.2 COMPARISON AND COMPLEMENTARITIES OF DIFFERENT MASS ANALYZERS IN THE LC-MS ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES
  • 6.2.1 Dynamic Range
  • 6.2.2 Scan Rate
  • 6.2.3 LODs
  • 6.2.4 Mass Accuracy
  • 6.2.5 Resolution
  • 6.2.6 Selectivity
  • 6.2.7 Mass Range
  • 6.2.8 Fragmentation
  • 6.2.9 Identification Capabilities
  • 6.2.10 Quantification
  • 6.3 USE OF SOFTWARE TECHNIQUES AND SPECTRAL LIBRARIES IN LC-MS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 7 Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
  • 7.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 7.1.1 Some Definitions
  • 7.1.2 Differences between Matrix Effects in GC and LC Methods
  • 7.1.3 Differences between ESI and Other API Methods
  • 7.1.4 A Typical Alarming Situation
  • 7.2 DETECTION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
  • 7.2.1 Calibration in Solvent versus Matrix-Matched Calibration
  • 7.2.2 Postcolumn Infusion
  • 7.2.3 Stable Isotope-Labeled Standards
  • 7.3 REDUCTION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
  • 7.3.1 Change of LC Conditions
  • 7.3.2 Change of MS Conditions
  • 7.3.3 Better Cleanup
  • 7.3.4 Backflush of LC Columns
  • 7.3.5 Dilute-and-Shoot
  • 7.4 COMPENSATION OF MATRIX EFFECTS
  • 7.4.1 Internal standards (IS)
  • 7.4.2 Matrix-Matched Standards
  • 7.4.3 Postcolumn Infusion
  • 7.4.4 Standard Addition
  • 7.5 AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN MATRIX EFFECTS
  • 7.5.1 Substance Classes Causing Matrix Effects
  • 7.5.2 Tentative Mechanisms of Matrix Effects
  • 7.5.3 A Recent View on the Mechanism of Ion Suppression
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 8 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Food Samples
  • 8.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 8.2 APPLICATION OF LC-QQQ-MS/MS FOR THE TARGETED ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD SAMPLES
  • 8.2.1 Sensitivity
  • 8.2.2 Linearity
  • 8.2.3 Matrix Effects.
  • 8.3 APPLICATION OF LC-HRMS TO THE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD SAMPLES
  • 8.3.1 Detection and Identification
  • 8.3.2 Resolution
  • 8.3.3 MS/MS Identification
  • 8.3.4 Sensitivity
  • 8.3.5 Linearity
  • 8.3.6 Matrix Effect
  • 8.4. DATA PROCESSING: AUTOMATED DATABASE SEARCHES
  • 8.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 9 Application of LC-MS/MS and LC-TOF-MS for the Identification of Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Environmental Samples
  • 9.1 INTRODUCTION AND OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
  • 9.2 STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
  • 9.2.1 LC-MS/MS for the Analysis of Target Compounds
  • 9.2.2 LC-TOF-MS and LC-QTOF-MS for the Analysis of Target and Nontarget Compounds
  • 9.3 USE OF ACCURATE MASS TOOLS FOR THE IDENTIFICTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN FOOD AND WATER SAMPLES
  • 9.3.1 Molecular Features
  • 9.3.2 Accurate Mass Filters and Isotopic Mass Defect
  • 9.3.3 Diagnostic Ion Approach
  • 9.3.4 Accurate Mass Databases
  • 9.3.5 Accurate Mass Profiling
  • 9.4 CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Chapter 10 Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Determination of Pesticide Transformation Products Formed by Advanced Oxidation Processes
  • 10.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 10.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION
  • 10.3 HYPHENATED MS TECHNIQUES
  • 10.3.1 Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Single-Stage Quadrupole
  • 10.3.2 Identification of Pesticide TPs by GC-MS
  • 10.3.3 Identification of Pesticide TPs by LC-MS
  • 10.3.4 Identification of Pesticide TPs by the Combination of GC-MS and LC-MS
  • 10.4 TANDEM MS
  • 10.4.1 Identification of Pesticide TPs by QqQ-MS
  • 10.4.2 Identification of Pesticide TPs by IT-MS
  • 10.5 HRMS
  • 10.5.1 Single Mass Analyzer
  • 10.5.2 Hybrid HR Mass Spectrometers
  • 10.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES.

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